法典是人民自由的圣经——简析马克思早期自由思想的四个命题

马克思早期自由思想的哲学基础是伊壁鸠鲁的原子论,马克思从伊壁鸠鲁的抽象个别性和自由主体的普遍性出发,提出了将自由理论转变为实践力量的命题。自由是人的本质这个命题不仅进一步论证了自由的普遍性,而且说明了符合人本性的自由是理性的普遍阳光所赐予人的自然礼物。自由的实现以合乎法的规律性的法典和只服从法律的法官所操控的司法为前提,也只有在这个意义上说,法典是人民自由的圣经。对于思想自由来说,它既没有法庭,也没有法典,如果一个国家的法律限制人民的思想自由,就是在扼杀国家精神。

Law is the Bible of Civil Liberty: An Analysis of the Four Theses in Marx's Early Liberal Thoughts

Originating from the Atomism of Epicurus,Marx's liberal thoughts start from the abstract particularity and the generalization of free subjects of Epicurus,and propose the thesis of turning liberal theories into practical forces.The thesis "Liberty is the nature of human beings" not only further illustrates the idea of the generalization of liberty,but also shows that liberty conforming to human nature is a natural gift by the omnipresent sunshine of "reason".The law corresponding to its regular patterns and the justice operated by judges only obeying the law are the prerequisites for the realization of liberty,and only in such a sense can it be said that "Law is the Bible of civil liberty".The liberty of thought has neither court nor law.If the law of a nation functions to restrict the free thinking of its people,then it is strangling the national spirit.