“鸿都门学”事件考论——从文学与儒学关系、选举及汉末政治等方面着眼

汉灵帝设立“鸿都门学”宠用辞赋之士，招致了朝臣的激烈谏议，成为当时政治上的一个重要事件，同时也是汉末文学史上的一个重要事件。历来学者虽有论及此事，但缺少深入的研究。本文首先从汉代文学与儒学的复杂关系入手，展示鸿都门学的设立在学术上多方面的背景；然后通过分析汉代选举制度的常规，指出激发“鸿都门学事件”之深层原因在于触动汉代以德行儒术为内容、以乡举里选为规范的人才选举制度。论文还认为鸿都门学事件与党锢事件联系在一起，与东汉以来逐渐形成的衣冠大族与单家寒门的社会阶层结构也有内在的关系。论文的写作目的也在于通过鸿都门学士事件的考论，展示汉代儒学与文学的关系、汉末文学的发展态势及其所处的复杂的政治与意识形态背景。

The Hongdumen School Event: The Relation between Literature and Confucian Studies, Election and Politics in Late Han Dynasty

The establishment of Hongdumen School by Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, which favored the talents of words only, caused fierce remonstration from the courtiers, and became an important political and literature event in the time. The event had been discussed later by scholars with no deep research. Starting from the complex relation between literature and Confucian Studies in the Han Dynasty, the thesis reveals the academic background of the establishment of Hongdumen School; by the analysis of the election system in the Han Dynasty, it also holds that the deep reason for the influence of Hongdumen School was that it had shaken the election system which was regulated by village recommendations, and focused on moral conduct and Confucian Studies. It is proved that the Hongdumen School Event was related to the party restrictions and to the social structure which included big influential families and small privilege-deprived families. It also reveals the relation between literature and Confucian Studies in the Han Dynasty, and shows the literature tendency and its complex political and ideological background.