代际分化与城乡分异:中西部二代农民的阶层分化逻辑

不同于一代农民“有分化无分层”,当前中西部二代农民出现了阶层分化,代际分化与城乡分异构成其基本逻辑。其中,代际分化取代了人口分化成为农民分化的主导机制,城乡分异取代了村内竞争成为农民的阶层表达方式。随着二代农民主导的中间农民大量进城,城乡两套社会系统正在逐渐被一套阶层分化的逻辑统一起来,从二元走向整合;大量中间农民家庭正处于半城半乡的过渡阶段,进退不再是选择,而是成败与身份的标志;新的认同、阶层结构和社会秩序正在诞生。在农民家庭弹性城市化路径和刚性城市化需求并存的情况下,农村和中小城镇共同构成基层社会的缓冲区与稳定区,应一方面确保农村发挥基本保障作用,另一方面加强小城镇建设,让农民有村可回、有城可进。

Intergenerational Differentiation and Urban-Rural Differentiation:The Stratification Logic of Farmers in the Midwest

Different from the past,the middle and western peasants have formed a class division.Intergenerational differentiation and urban-rural differentiation constitute the basic logic.Among them,intergenerational differentiation has replaced population differentiation as the dominant mechanism for peasant differentiation,and urban-rural differentiation has replaced the village competition as a peasant class expression.With the large number of middle peasants led by the second generation of peasants entering the city,the two sets of social systems in urban and rural areas are gradually being unified by the logic of a set of class divisions,from dualism to integration;a large number of middle peasant families are in the transitional stage of half-city and semi-townships.Advance and retreat is no longer a choice,but a sign of success and failure and identity;new identity,class structure and social order are being born.Under the circumstance that the peasant family’s flexible urbanization path and rigid urbanization demand coexist,the rural areas and small and medium-sized cities and towns together constitute the buffer zone and stable area of the grassroots society.On the one hand,the rural areas should be guaranteed to play a basic guarantee role,and on the other hand,the small towns should be strengthened.Let the peasants have a village to return,and there are cities to enter.