不起诉制度的解构与重构——以价值权衡为视角的考察

正义与效率构成了现代诉讼制度的正当根据。正义包括实体正义和程序正义。实体正义使刑事诉讼法表现出对刑法的一种工具性价值．程序正义却是源自刑事诉讼法独有的品行，两者都不可或缺。而效率则是诉讼资源稀缺性的要求，也是实现正义的保障。不起诉制度应该体现正义与效率的基本要求。检察机关应该在查清案件事实的基础上对犯罪嫌疑人的行为作出判断和处理。对罪疑的案件应当作出不起诉决定。在不起诉决定形成过程中，一个公正的程序要求充分听取当事人的意见，赋予当事人要求听证的权利是一个理性的选择。而基于效率的考虑，不起诉决定应该具有确定的法律效力，以形成对检察机关和当事人诉讼行为的有效约束。

The Disintegration and Reconstruction of Non - prosecution Decision System A Review from the Aspect of Value Judge

Justice and efficiency make up the reasonable foundation of modern lawsuit system. Justice contains substantive justice and procedural justice. Substantive justice makes the criminal procedural law a tool of the criminal law. Procedural justice comes from the unique quality of criminal procedural law itself. Both of them are needed in lawsuit procedure. Efficiency is demanded because of the scarcity of lawsuit resources and it insures the realization of justice. Non-prosecution decision system should embody the demands of justice and efficiency. The procurator organ must deal with the cases and the suspects on the base of finding out the fact and make a non-prosecution decision when there is any doubt. A just procedure demands to listen to the suggestion of litigants, so it is a reasonable choice to endow with litigants the right to ask for a hearing procedure. A non-prosecution decision should have some legal forces to restrain the lawsuit actions of the procurator organ and the litigants.