重评五四启蒙运动三题——兼评李泽厚诸先生之说

五四启蒙运动有三个问题值得重新评说:一是"借思想文化以解决问题"的是与非。五四启蒙运动常常因致力于思想文化问题而受到非议,但作为政治革命之后的思想文化补课,五四并非"借思想文化以解决问题",而是要解决的就是思想文化问题。这种选择是当时中国的社会现实所决定的,适应了中国社会的实际需要。二是为什么反对"调和折衷"。这也是"五四"遭受非议的重要原因。陈独秀、胡适、鲁迅等人之所以选择这种极端化的态度,并非只是出自策略性的考虑,而是不相信调和折衷会有好的结果。因为只要面对文化冲突的实际,就会承认,一些基本价值是无法调和的。三是启蒙运动的目标指向。长期以来学界一直存在一种误解,认为五四启蒙运动是从属和服务于救亡的。事实并非如此,五四启蒙运动虽然与救亡相关联,但它以人为出发点,目标指向是人而不是民族或国家。

Re-criticize Three Themes of "May 4th" Enlightenment--Also Commenting on the Views of Mr.LI Ze-hou and Others

There are three themes of "May 4th" Enlightenment worth of re-commentation. First,whether it's right or wrong to "solve problems with ideology and culture". Acting as making up missing lessons of ideology and culture,"May 4th" did not mean to "solve problems with ideology and culture",but to solve the problem exactly of ideology and culture,although the "May 4th" Enlightenment has always been criticized for its hammering at problems of ideology and culture. The choice was out of the social reality of China at that time and really met the demand of the society of China. Second,the reason why "make concessions",which is an important cause for the "May 4th" to be criticized. CHEN Du-xiu,HU Shi and LU Xun took an extreme attitude,it was not just a tactical consideration,but also for no faith of fine effect of making concessions. It's certain to admit that there is no possibility to make concessions on basic value once before the reality of cultural clash. Third,direction of the aim of the movement. There has been a misunderstanding in this field for a long time saying "May 4th" Enlightenment was subject to saving the nation from extinction and serve for it,yet the fact was not the same. Connected to saving the nation from extinction thoroughly,"May 4th" Enlightenment started from humanity and aimed for humanity but not nation or state.