唯名论:霍布斯的法律概念的哲学基础

霍布斯的唯名论主张,根本没有所谓的“一般”事物,只有个别事物才是真实存在的,特别是只有个体意志的存在而没有普遍的“正确理性”。这样,如果个体仅凭自己的意志冲动行事,就会引起道德或价值的冲突。唯一的解决办法,就是确立一个最高权威———主权者,用它的意志来替代众多个体的意志。主权者的意志就是法律;法律的本质乃是出于主权者的权威。因此,霍布斯的法律概念基于他的唯名论之上。

Nominalism: Philosophical Base of Hobbes' Law Concept

In accordance with Thomas Hobbes' advocate of nominalism there is no so-called general thing,only individual thing really exists,in particular,only individual will exists,no general "right reason".Thus,if individuals behave at their own will impulse,there will lead to clash between morality and value.The only way to settle the problem is to set up a highest authority-sovereign by whose will the will of multi-individualities is to be replaced.Sovereign's will means law.The essence of the law comes from the authority of the sovereign.Therefore,Hobbes'concept of law is based on his nominalism.