文明吸收中的他国化创新与叛逆——《五卷书》的异域流传与变异

印度寓言故事集《五卷书》以它出色的思想和艺术特色在印度文学史上占据着重要地位。以阿拉伯译本《卡里来和笛木乃》《一千零一夜》及印度教、佛教为载体，《五卷书》辗转流传到亚洲、欧洲的多个国家，译本数量仅次于基督教的《新约》《旧约》。在东方与东方、东方与西方的文明交流中，《五卷书》都产生了不可忽视的影响，为世界文学的发展贡献了卓越力量。由于社会风情、民族性格、宗教信仰和翻译者风格等差异，以及时代跨度、文化过滤与文化误读等因素，《五卷书》在各国形成了“创造性叛逆”的变异，甚至有了更深层次的文化规则和文学话语方式上的改变，即发生文学他国化变化。变异现象发生于文明交流活动的始终，根本上还是要通过对异质文明的比较推进到异质文明的交汇上来，以开放、多元、包容的眼光看待各种文明的碰撞与融合，探索其中的本质规律。

Innovation and Treason of Domestic Appropriation in the Assimilation of Civilization:The Foreign Spread and Variation of Panchatantra

A collection of Indian fables,Panchatantra,takes an important position in the history of Indian literature with its outstanding thought and artistic characteristics.With Arabic translations of Kalilah Wa Dimnah and Arabian Nights as well as Hinduism and Buddhism as its carriers,Panchatantra has been spread to many countries in Asia and Europe,only less than The New Testament and The Old Testament of Christianity in terms of number.In the cultural exchanges between the East and the East,and between the East and the West,Panchatantra has produced a significant influence and contributed to the development of world literature.Due to differences in social customs,national characters,religious belief and translators' styles as well as factors such as time span,cultural filtering and cultural misreading,Panchatantra has formed the variation of "creative treason" in various countries,even in the cultural rules and literary discourse.The book has undergone a deep change,that is,the domestic appropriation.The phenomenon of variation occurs throughout the exchange of civilizations.Fundamentally,it is necessary to advance to the intersection of heterogeneous civilizations through the comparison of heterogeneous civilizations,to look at the collision and integration of various civilizations from an open,pluralistic,and inclusive perspective,and to explore the essential laws among them.