环境规制、就业再配置与社会福利

中国环境规制力度的逐渐加大，引发行业间与行业内的就业再配置，并进一步影响社会福利。利用2003—2017年中国37个工业行业数据，发现环境规制对社会福利的影响表现为先升后降的倒U型关系，现阶段34个工业行业未越过拐点；相较于污染行业，清洁行业的就业再配置能显著提升社会福利；中介效应模型的结果表明，全行业、污染行业的就业再配置在环境规制与社会福利之间表现为遮掩效应。因此，实现生态优化与社会福利提升的双赢目标，需要识别各行业的最优环境规制强度，对未越过拐点的行业应加大环境规制强度，也可以通过提高就业需求端与供给端的灵活匹配来减少环境规制的社会福利代偿。

Environmental Regulation,Employment Reallocation and Social Welfare

The gradual strengthening of environmental regulation in China has led to the reallocation of employment between and within industries,and further affected social welfare.Based on the data of 37 industries in China from 2003 to 2017,it is found that the impact of environmental regulation on social welfare is an inverted U-shaped relationship that rises first and then decreases.34 industries have not crossed the inflection point at the present stage.Compared with polluting industries,employment reallocation in cleaning industries can significantly improve social welfare,and the results of the intermediary effect model show that the masking effect of employment reallocation in the whole industry and polluting industries on social welfare is negative.Therefore,in order to achieve the win-win goal of ecological optimization and social welfare improvement,it is necessary to identify the optimal environmental regulation intensity of various industries and increase the intensity of environmental regulation for those industries that have not passed the inflection point.the social welfare compensation of environmental regulation can also be reduced by improving the flexible matching between the demand side and the supply side of employment.