传统吏道的内涵、结构、特征及其现实启迪

吏道是中国传统政治文化的一个特殊概念，其本质是吏道观念系统对吏治实践规则的决定，是为政观念之主观见于为政实践之客观的认知与行为范式，是由一定的政治观念系统所决定的政治行为规范。传统吏道的内涵可从自然起源、历史演化与社会认同三个方面寻求依据。传统吏道包括“散点织锦”与“纵深分布”双层结构；吏道的具体运行轨迹主要有二：一是由表及里，二是由内而外。传统吏道具有四大特征：理想性和现实性的对立统一，平民化与精英化的对立统一，理论性和实践性的对立统一，历史性与时代性的对立统一。吏道的内涵决定了吏道的结构、运行与特点，是吏道的核心。中国传统吏道对于现实社会具有启迪作用。

The Way of Governance and Administration:Connotation,Structure,Characteristics and Realistic Enlightenment

The way of governance and administration is a particular concept of traditional Chinese political culture,and its essence is that the concept of the system determines the practical rules of governance and administration.As a cognitive and behavioral paradigm,it is the subjective concept of governance practiced in objective governance and the political behavior standards which are determined by a certain political concept system.The connotation of the way of governance and administration can be found from three aspects:natural origin,historical evolution and social identity,which includes a scattered structure and a depth structure.There are two main paths of its operation:one is from the outside to the inside;the other is from the inside to the outside.The way of governance and administration shows four characteristics:the unity of opposites of ideality and reality,the unity of opposites of populism and elitism,the unity of opposites of theory and practice,and the unity of opposites of history and the times.The connotation of it determines its structure,operation and characteristics,which is the core of the it.The way of governance and administration plays an enlightening role in the real society.