公共治理中的人工智能应用：一个文献综述

人工智能应用为何能够嵌入公共治理，如何发挥人工智能应用于公共治理之价值是学界探讨不止的重要议题。采用内容分析法对近15年国内研究文献作系统梳理发现，人工智能应用正在重构公共治理的问题场域，并逐渐成为改进公共治理绩效和达到善治目标的工具。这三方面共同构成了人工智能应用嵌入公共治理的内在机制。现阶段，公共治理中人工智能的应用重点集中在基本公共服务供给、城市应急与环境治理等方面，但人工智能应用仍面临安全、侵权、解构秩序、冲击法治体系和道德伦理等风险。国际上制定国家战略政策、建立监测体系、加快融入公共服务的实践经验，为我国公共治理人工智能应用的纵深发展和风险应对提供了借鉴。立足于我国公共治理的现实，人工智能应用的未来可为方向是智能行政审批、责任分摊机制、公共政策制定、公共伦理设计和政府新型智库建设等。

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Public Governance:A Literature Review

Why artificial intelligence applications can be embedded in public governance and how to give full play to the value of artificial intelligence applications in public governance is an important topic in academic circles.Using the method of content analysis to systematically sort out the domestic research literature in the past 15 years,it is found that the application of artificial intelligence is reconstructing the problem field of public governance and gradually becoming a tool to improve the performance of public governance and achieve the goal of good governance,constituting the internal mechanism of the application of artificial intelligenceembedded in public governance.At the present stage,the application of artificial intelligence in public governance focuses on the supply of basic public services,urban emergency and environmental governance.However,the application of artificial intelligence still faces risks such as security,infringement,deconstruction order,impact on the rule of law system and morality and ethics.The international experience of formulating national strategic policies,establishing monitoring systems and accelerating integration into public services provides a reference for the in-depth development and risk correspondence of artificial intelligence applications in public governance in China.Based on the reality of public governance in China,the future direction of artificial intelligence application is intelligent administrative examination and approval,responsibility-sharing mechanism,public policy formulation,public ethics design and the construction of new government think tanks.