基于LDA主题模型的自贸区治理政策文本聚类分析——以辽宁自贸区为例

聚焦不同时期辽宁自贸区发展建设的政策，通过LDA大数据模型对自贸区建设的阶段性政策文本进行低维主题集合，能够识别大规模文档集中潜藏的主题信息、主题强度及结构特征。在此基础上，对比中央对辽宁自贸区的发展要求，能够准确发掘地方政策实施的侧重点与发展差距，进而识别自贸区建设发展的不足。研究发现：在主题强度上，主题间相似度较低且强度差距不明显；在主题领域上，政策颁布更侧重于行政审批、监管创新、项目建设等领域，而在投资、贸易、外汇管理、金融服务、科技创新、人才政策等领域较薄弱；在主题结构上，行政审批、绩效考核政策主题针对行政体制机制改革，监管创新、政府信息公开、电子信息化服务主题体现“服务型政府”的政策供给重点。基于此，需加强金融贸易、法治营商环境建设、人才引进、企业扶持等领域的政策供给。LDA主题模型；辽宁自贸区；政策文本；聚类分析

Cluster Analysis of Free Trade Zone Governance Policy Text Based on LDA:A Case Study of Liaoning Free Trade Zone

We focus on the policies of the development and construction of Liaoning free trade zone in different periods,and carry out a low-dimensional theme collection of the phased policy texts of free trade zone construction through LDA big data model,which can identify the hidden theme information,theme intensity and structural characteristics of large-scale documents.On this basis,compared with the central government's requirements for the development of Liaoning free trade zone,we can accurately explore the focus and development gap of local policy implementation,and then identify the deficiencies in the construction and development of free trade zone.It is found that in terms of theme intensity,the similarity between themes is low and the intensity gap is not obvious;in the theme field,policy promulgation focuses more on administrative examination and approval,regulatory innovation,project construction and other areas.However,it is weak in the fields of investment,trade,foreign exchange management,financial services,scientific and technological innovation,talent policy and so on.In the theme structure,the policy themes of administrative examination and approval and performance appraisal aim at the reform of administrative system and mechanism,while the themes of regulatory innovation,government information disclosure and electronic information service reflect the policy supply focus of "service-oriented government".Based on this,it is necessary to strengthen the policy supply in the areas of finance and trade,the construction of the business environment under the rule of law,the introduction oftalents,and enterprise support.