区域竞争下流动人口的规模及分布

本文重新定义了流动人口概念,并分析了流动人口的实际规模及分布。广义流动人口包括离开户口所在地(乡、镇、街道)半年以上的长期流入者和半年以下经济型短期流入者。基于2005年全国1%人口抽样调查的现有人口数据,我们发现经济型短期流入规模达1676.5万,占重要流入省市总人口比重的2%以上。2005年,全国流动人口总数在1.5亿左右,其中跨省流动人口大约6844万。省际流动的流入地及流出地都比较集中:近3/4来自中南及西南9个欠发达省份,3/4流向经济发达区域广东(34.2%),长三角(28.5%)和环渤海地区(13%)。对珠、长三角的选择由距离决定:邻近省选择高度集中,等距或长距时则分散到两个区域。以上分布显示沿海发达地区对中西部人口的强烈吸引力,也反映出区域发展多极化后发达区域间劳动力需求竞争加剧。

Regional Competition and the Distribution of Floating Population in China

Based on the 1% Population Survey of China in 2005,we examine the size and distribution of floating population in the context of regional competition.We found that the size of short-term labor migrants is not negligible,amounted to nearly 17 million,which accounted for 2% to 3% of the total population in the coastal regions.Totally 150 million migrants left their place of registration,mainly inter-provincial in the coastal regions and largely intra-provincial in the interior.Among seventy million interprovi...