论《齐民要术》新生复合词中的同义词

《齐民要术》是中古时期口语性较强的一部农业科技著作，书中使用了较多复合词，有的复合词意义相近或相关，彼此聚合成群，形成了不同的同义词词场。这些同义词词场中的复合词在构词上都有相同的特点：即构成复合词的两个语素单用时意义相近或相关，这样的复合词应是当时的语言社团根据已有的并列式构词法创造的新词。在汉语词汇的历时发展中，《齐民要术》中使用的同义复合词呈现出不同的发展结果：由曾经常用的单音词作语素构成的复合词或易于通过隐喻机制形成新义的复合词使用频率相对较高，生命力相对较强，在竞争中也相对较容易发展成汉语中的常用复合词；使用频率低或难以产生隐喻引申义的复合词很容易退出语言交际领域，从而成为汉语词汇历史发展中某阶段的陈迹。

Synonyms of Newly Compounded Words in Qimin Yaoshu

Qimin Yaoshu is of a strong style of colloquialism in the middle ancient times of China, and many compound words were used. Some compound words are similar or related in meaning, which form into different lexical fields of synonym. These synonyms have the same characteristic in word formation:the two morphemes which constitute the compound word have similar or related meaning when used separately. Those compound words are probably new words created by the linguistic community then, based on existing co-ordinate word formation in the middle ancient times. With the development of Chinese lexicon, these synonymous compound words in Qimin Yaoshu had different endings. Those made up of frequently-used monosyllables or formed with new meanings by the metaphorical mechanism, had a relatively higher frequency of use and stronger vitality. As a result, they were much easier to be developed into general compound words of Chinese. Those which were less used or are more difficult to produce extended metaphorical meaning were more likely to drop out of linguistic communication and became a history in the development of Chinese lexicon.