卢曼“复杂性理论”辩证——兼论其信任观之内涵

卢曼基于信任而化解社会复杂性的论述具有科学主义特点,即他虽认识到社会存在的复杂性并提出通过建立“信任系统”来化解复杂性并简化社会生活,但他没有认识到社会的复杂性正是源于人自身的复杂性,因此他试图超越人自身而在纯理论的层面建构“系统化”的信任连续体——从“人格信任、系统信任到信任的信任”就是不可能实现的,这样他之“信任理论”就得之于思辩的精深却失之于具体社会生活的无关性,总之是因为他没有认识到社会生活过程的辩证存在与“复杂性”自身与人之间的辨证关系。这也从另一个层面说明在现代社会中对“技术理性”的坚持必须与对“人文理性”的坚守相统一,顽固坚持“技术理性”就会再次陷入“理性崇拜”的老路上。

A Brief Analysis of Luman's Notion of Trust

The discussion of the trust by Luman is of strong scientific color, which means that Luman had realized the complexity of the given society and regarded the establishment of trusting system as an accurate way to lower the complicated extent and therefore simplify social life. He, however, had failed to realize that the complexity of the given society is mainly resulted from the complexity of the people. Therefore, his attempt to simplify social life with the help of scientific means, i.e. the pure theoretical construction, which is incarnated by such a kind of trusting continuum as Personality Trust, System Trust and the Trust of Trust without any relations to the human existence, is destined to be no positive effects. In a word, his trust theory is featured by the theoretical fullness but short of the relevance to the concrete social life, which is of course resulted from his ignorance of the dialectical process of the social existence and the dialectical relations of the complexity itself to the human activities. And this analysis tells us that the persistence in the technological reason should be combined with the perseverance of the humanistic reason in the modern society. Otherwise the human being will again be trapped by the reason worshipping.