人力资本形成及其对经济增长的影响——一个包含教育和健康投入的内生增长模型及其检验

已有的关于人力资本的理论研究,要么强调了教育的作用,要么侧重于健康的影响。虽然越来越多的实证研究在度量人力资本的时候,采用了教育和健康两个指标,但是尚未有研究给出人力资本的具体构成形式。本文把教育和健康看作两种资本,人力资本由教育资本和健康资本按照Cobb-Douglas生产技术组合生成。关于人力资本影响经济增长的方式有两种理论,一种认为经济增长源于人力资本的积累速度,另一种认为经济增长应该归功于人力资本存量。本文构建了一个内生增长模型,在此模型中人力资本积累速度和存量都会影响经济增长,经济增长中既有人力资本积累的功劳,也有人力资本存量的贡献。我们以这个内生模型为理论依据设定计量模型,利用1985￣2000年中国29个省、自治区、直辖市的经验数据实证分析了人力资本的积累和存量以及人力资本的形成要素教育和健康对中国经济增长的影响。

Human Capital Formation land its Effects on Economic Growth

The existing theoretical studies on human capital (HC) either highlight the role of education or underline the effect of health. In more and more case studies, two indicators--education and health--have been employed in the measurement of HC, but not a study has given the concrete formation shapes of HC. In this article, we take education and health as two kinds of capital, which generate HC according to Cobb-Douglas technology. There are two theories about how HC impacts on economic growth: one is that economic growth originates in the accumulation speed of HC, the other holds that in economic growth the credit should be given to HC stock. In this paper, we have constructed an endogenous growth model, in which both HC accumulation speed and stock have an effect on economic growth--in other words, both of them contribute to economic growth. Taking this endogenous model as the foundation of our theory, we have designed our econometric model; by the use of the data from China's provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, 29 in number, we have made a case study of the effect of HC accumulation and stock and formation factors (education and health) on China's economic growth.