农村贫困补助的瞄准精度、瞄准成本与减贫方案分析

我国减贫事业已进入“啃硬骨头、攻坚拔寨”的冲刺期,脱贫难度增大,减贫成本提高。利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2014年和2016年农村样本数据,将农村贫困补助的瞄准精度、瞄准成本和减贫效果纳入同一分析框架,实证检验现行瞄准机制和代理家计调查机制的瞄准精度,并在此基础上设计三种减贫模拟方案,量化评估其瞄准成本与减贫效果。研究发现:采用代理家计调查机制可以显著缓解农村贫困补助面临的瞄准困境,综合瞄准误差从89.24%下降至63.14%;目标瞄准过程中行政成本的增加有利于显性化扶贫对象,在降低瞄准成本的同时提升减贫效果;农村地区贫困补助仍有提升空间,改善现行的瞄准机制和分配方案可以使扶贫工作更有效率、更加公平。

Analysis of Targeting Accuracy,Targeting Cost and Poverty Reduction Program for Rural Poverty Subsidy

China’s poverty reduction program has entered a sprint period of“tackling the hard nut to crack”,during this period,the difficulty of poverty alleviation has increased and the cost of poverty reduction has increased.This paper uses the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)2014 and 2016 rural sample data to incorporate the targeting accuracy,targeting cost and poverty reduction effect of rural poverty subsidies into an analytical framework,empirically testing the targeting accuracy of the current targeting mechanism and the proxy means tests mechanism.Based on this basis,three poverty reduction simulation schemes are designed to quantitatively evaluate their targeting cost and poverty reduction effect.The study found that the use of proxy means tests mechanism can significantly alleviate the dilemma faced by rural poverty subsidies.The comprehensive aiming error has dropped from 89.24%to 63.14%.The increase of administrative cost in the target aiming process is beneficial to the explicit poverty alleviation target.The cost will increase the poverty reduction effect at the same time.There is still space for improvement in poverty subsidies in rural areas to prompt the current targeting mechanism and distribution plan can make poverty alleviation work more efficient and fairer.