清代北京的铺户及其商人

京城作为全国最大的消费性城市,聚集着众多来自全国各地的商人,封建政府从户籍管理的角度将从事商业活动并有店铺者称之为"铺户"。铺户是商业发展到一定阶段的产物。在诸多铺户中,对京城社会产生重要影响的有百年老店、老米碓坊以及银号钱庄等,也包括那些有着许多铺户的大商人乃至御用商人。他们在京城乃至国家经济运行中充当着重要的角色,但由于其资本的积累与封建政治的关系过于密切,所以,是难以为商品经济的发展注入新的活力的。

Shopper Owners and Businessmen in Beijing in Qing Dynasty

Beijing,as the biggest consuming city,were inhabited with businessmen from all over China.Shop owners,thus named by the feudal government administration,referred to those businessmen who had their own shops dealing with business.The shop owners was a phenomenon of certain stage of commercial process,many of whom owned centenary old shops,grain shops and private banks which had had profound influence upon Beijing social life,some of them were businessmen who owned many shops and for use of emperors.They played significant roles in Beijing,and even in national economical functioning,however,their capital accumulation had too close relationship with feudal politics,therefore,they cannot add new vigor to the development of commercial economy.