全民养老参保的进展、难点及对策

随着中国人口老龄化程度的不断加深,建立覆盖法定人群的基本养老保险体系、保障公民未来的老年生活迫在眉睫。目前,中国全民养老参保工作已取得了明显进展,然而在实施过程中,仍有5 700万参保意愿偏低的“未保者”掣肘着基本养老保险的扩面工作。此外,养老保险关系转移不畅、流动人员与雇佣单位的劳动关系不确定导致前者的养老参保权益难以受到保障等问题,也成为提高基本养老保险覆盖率的障碍,“未保”“少保”“弃保”现象屡见不鲜。针对上述难点,适度降低城镇职工养老保险的缴费额、宣传基本养老保险的共济性作用以激励社会成员积极参保、建设更加灵活公平的参保机制、相关部门加强执法力度和尽快完成基本养老保险全国统筹等对策的实施在一定程度上显得尤为必要。

Progress,Difficulties and Countermeasures of Participation in National Pension Insurance

As the population keeps aging in China, it is urgent to establish a basic endowment insurance system covering people prescribed by law and to protect the future life of citizens. At present, China has made remarkable progress in peoples participation in national pension insurance. However, there are still 57 million uninsured persons with low willingness to participate in insurance, which is hampering the expansion of basic endowment insurance. In addition, matters like poor transfer of endowment insurance relations, uncertainty in labor relations between migrant workers and employers which makes it difficult for the former to guarantee their rights in endowment insurance also hinder the improvement of coverage of basic old-age insurance. Uninsurance, underinsurance and abandoning insurance are common phenomena. In view of the above difficulties, some countermeasures, such as reducing the payment amount appropriately of endowment insurance for urban workers, publicizing the role of basic endowment insurance in order to encourage social members to participate in insurance actively, establishing a more flexible and equitable participation mechanism, strengthening law enforcement by relevant departments, and carrying out the basic endowment insurance of the national co-ordination as soon as possible, are obviously vital.