流动人口的人力资本禀赋效应及其代际差异

招工难、找工难的现象隐藏着一个重要的经济心理学效应--禀赋效应,即个体出让某物品估价高于得到此物品愿意支付价格的现象。调查结果显示,70%的被访者存在人力资本禀赋效应,他们对自己所拥有的受教育程度应得到的收入估价是对同等受教育程度的劳动力的购买价格的2.9倍。人口学、社会和经济特征对于是否会产生人力资本禀赋效应有显著的影响作用,而禀赋效应的强弱主要受到就业身份的影响。雇员愿意出让价格大大高于雇主愿意购买价格就会出现交易困难,导致"招工难、找工难"的现象出现。事实上,雇员月工资与雇主愿意购买价格非常接近,雇员只能被迫降低愿意出让价格,以适应社会,摆脱"找工难"的困境。第一代流动人口比第二代流动人口的人力资本禀赋效应感更强。与第一代相比较,第二代流动人口中的雇员所期望的薪金更接近于雇主所愿意购买的价格。

The Human Capital Endowment Effect of the Floating Population and Its Generational Gap

Endowment effect, which refers to the psychology of people who tend to sell the goods they own at much higher price than the buyers＇ willing payment, is an important economic psychological effect behind the difficulties in hiring workers and finding jobs. Surveys and researches show that 70% of the interviewees have the tendency towards endowment effect of human capitals, and they expect a salary 2.9 times that of the market wage paid to the workers with the same education. People＇s demographic, social and economic features can trigger the endowment effect while the degree of the endowment effect is mainly determined by the position in the labor market. The employees＇ expectation of a salary is much higher than the willing purchase price of the employers, which blocks the labor exchange and causes difficulties in finding jobs and hiring workers. In fact the present salary level of the workers interviewed is very close to the willing purchase price of the employers and the workers have to lower their selling price of their labor to adapt to the reality and get a job. The endowment effect of the first generation floating population is stronger than that of the second generation floating population, and the salary expectation of the employees of second generation is closer to the willing purchase price offered by the employers.