教育发展差异对人口迁移的影响——基于城市化发展的视角

改革开放以来,在制度改革和经济转型的双重作用下,我国人口迁移规模不断扩大,在影响迁移的因素当中教育水平是一个非常重要的影响。研究结果表明:教育在我国人口迁移过程中确实发挥显著的作用。从全国总体来看,教育对人口的迁入与迁出均呈现反向作用关系;城市教育水平与迁入及迁出也均呈现反向作用关系;然而,县教育水平与迁入及迁出均呈现正向作用关系。这反映出,我国目前的人口迁移是一种层级递进式的迁移情况。这种层级递进的模式实质上是我国城市化进程的反映,在这个过程中教育的作用不可忽视。

The Impact of the Difference in Education Development on Migration:A Perspective of China's Urbanization

With China＇s reform and opening-up, the scale of population migration in China has been increasing driven by the institutional reform and economic transition. Among the factors affecting migration, education has relatively more significance. The results of this study show that education has played a significant role on migration during China＇s population migration process. At the nation-wide and city level, the higher the education development, the more inflow of immigrants and the less outflow of the emigrants. However the development of education at county level has a positive correlation with both immigration and emigration. The more developed education system will attract more immigration from the surrounding rural areas and more emigration to cities and metropolises. This differences show that China＇s population migration is a level progressive migration pattern which reflects the on-going urbanization process, during which education is one of the main forces that cannot be neglected.