中国古代农书的乡村社会史料价值——以《齐民要术》和《四时纂要》为例

中国古代农书是我们研究中国古代农业科技史的重要资料。同时，它又有丰富的乡村习俗、日常生活和乡村景观等方面的社会史料，展现了一幅十分多彩的传统乡村社会的历史画面。如北魏贾思勰的《齐民要术》和唐韩鄂《四时纂要》二部古农书，不仅具有丰富的占候、择日、禳镇、婚丧、节日、农事、医药卫生习俗和乡村衣食住行生活诸方面的史料，还有大量的乡民生活节律和乡村景观等方面的史料。这在许多方面可以弥补正史的不足，是我们研究传统乡村社会史不可或缺的第一手资料。

Value of Rural,Social and Historical Materials in Ancient Chinese Agricultural Works ： Taking Qiminyaoshu （齐民要术） and Sishizuanyao （ 四时纂要 ） as Examples

Ancient Chinese agricultural works are important information for us to study the history of ancient Chinese agricultural science and technology. Meanwhile, they also have plentiful social and historical information about rural customs, daily life and rural landscapes. They shows a very colorful picture of traditional rural society. For example, JIA Si-xie＇ s Qiminyaoshu in Northern Wei Dynasty and HAN E＇s Sishizuanyao in Tang Dynasty not only have rich historical materials in divining, choosing auspicious day, making efforts to avert calamity, weddings, festivals, farming custom, medicine and health, rural clothing, food, shelter, journey life, but also have a large number of materials in villagers＇ living rhythm and rural landscapes. Therefore, ancient Chinese agricultural works are indispensable first- hand materials for research in traditional rural society and history. In many ways, they can make up for the lack of official history.