日本学术评价体系质的转变——创建以培养和支援研究者为导向的学术评价体系

学术评价体系是一个国家科学技术“质量和创新”的保障。日本从20世纪末开始逐步建立和完善了“以高等教育质量保证为导向的学术评价体系”制度，到15年后的今天“创建以培养和支援研究者为导向的学术评价体系”发生了质的转变。新体系明确提出“禁止短期学术行为的诱导”，通过推进元评价引导大学和研究机构培养和支援研究者，鼓励其从事挑战性研究。文章对在日大学教员进行的访谈调查表明:从自我评价到第三方评价到元评价，正是这种多样化评价和评价决策的民主化，保障了学术评价的科学性和公正性，值得中国大学、研究机构参考借鉴。 

The Qualitative Change of the Academic Evaluation System in Japan— Establishment of a Researchers-oriented Academic Evaluation System

A well-designed academic evaluation mechanism safeguards a country in its scientific as well as technological innovation and the quality thereof. Japan started to explore a "quality higher education oriented" academic evaluation system since late 20th century, triggering a qualitative shift to "researchers fostering and supporting oriented" academic evaluation system now,15 years later. The new mechanism clearly prohibits " seduction of short-term academic behavior", and propels a multi-layer evaluation device to lead universities and research institutes to foster and support researchers in undertaking challenging projects. The present study based on a series of interviews with several teaching faculties at Japan shows that it is the multi-layer evaluation system and the democracy shown in evaluative decision-making (shifting from self-evaluation, to third-party evaluation,and to meta-evaluation) that promises the scientificity and justice of academic evaluation in Japan.