论普遍价值的基础——马克思共同实践思想研究

马克思恩格斯在《费尔巴哈》中提出的＂共同活动方式就是生产力＂的命题不仅是马克思共同实践思想的重要内容,也是唯物史观的基本观点。但这一重要思想却被学界长期忽视。什么是＂共同的＂活动方式？如何认识＂共同的＂实践活动？这些基本问题对于全面深入理解马克思的普遍价值思想是十分重要的。在马克思自己的诸多著作中,马克思反复强调指出人的感性活动即实践是＂共同的＂,即人的实践具有＂共同性＂。这种＂共同的＂实践内容应包括现实世界实践关系的共同性、人类生产生活的共同性、人的形而上存在的共同性,以及人的世界性和历史性的存在的共同性。明确实践活动的共同性也就是肯定实践法则具有共同性。马克思的＂共同实践＂思想为普遍价值奠定了基础。是对传统哲学关于抽象的理性或感性共同性的彻底翻转。通过理解＂共同实践＂可以在理论和实践上加深对普遍价值的认识,可以树立真正的＂普遍价值观＂,抵制＂普世价值＂,反思将价值问题狭隘化或绝对化。

On the Basis of Universal Values: Marx's Thought on Common Practice

In Feuerbach,Marx and Engels puts forward the idea that＂common activity is productivity＂,which is not only an important part of Marx＇s common practice thought,but also the basic idea of historical materialism,though it has long been ignored by academic circles.What is＂common＂activity？ How to recognize the＂common＂practice activities？ Solving such questions is very important for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Marx＇s theory of universal values.In many of Marx＇s own writings,Marx repeatedly stresses that human perceptual activity,i.e.practice,is＂common＂.That is to say that man＇s common practice should include a real-world existence as a common foundation,the commonality of human production and life,the commonality of human existence,and man＇s worldwide and historical commonality.Confirming the commonality of practical activities is certainly verifying that of practicing rule.Marx＇s ideas about＂common practice＂lay the foundation for universal values,as a thorough turnaround of traditional philosophy＇s understanding about rational or emotional commonality.It is significant to deepen understanding of universal values theoretically and practically by comprehending the＂common practice＂.Only in this way,can people establish real＂universal values＂ and resist ＂general world values＂.