对微观经济学中生产者剩余问题的思考

目前国内外学者度量生产者剩余的方式有多种,这给初学者造成了很多困惑。文章介绍了生产者剩余的几种度量方式,尝试性提出了生产者剩余的产生原因及其影响因素,证明了在离散型和连续型两种情况下,边际成本之和等于总可变成本,并分析比较了生产者剩余与租金、准租金、经济利润之间的关系。研究表明,分析垄断、价格政策以及税收问题时,使用市场价格线以下、供给曲线以上这一生产者剩余度量方式更加简洁准确。在比较经济利润和生产者剩余两者关系时,用总收益减去总可变成本来度量生产者剩余则更加简单。供给曲线左边几何图形的面积更符合高版教材中生产者剩余的含义。

Considerations about Producer Surplus in Microeconomics

Scholars,both at home and abroad,have defined producer supuls in different ways at present,which causes a lot of confusion for beginners.This paper introduces several measurement methods of producer surplus,attempts to find causes of it and its influencing factors,testifying that the sum of all marginal costs equals total variable cost in cases of discrete type and continuous type,and comparing the producer surplus with rent,quasi rent and economic profit.The research shows that it is more concise and accurate to use the measurement method of below market price line and above the surplus curve when we analyze monopoly,price policy and tax issues.And it is more easily understandable to use the measurement method of total revenue minusing total variable cost in the comparison of producer surplus with economic profit.The geometric area on the left of supply curve conforms,to a bigger degree,to the definition of producer surplus in textbooks issued by Higher Education Press.