魏晋礼法之士的“德行”观

魏晋之际随着社会由乱世转向相对治世,礼法派开始取代名法派而登上历史舞台.王肃与傅玄分别是礼法思想的创立者和完善者.在官方的选才标准上,亦逐渐由重"才能"向重"德行"转变,这里的"德行"主要是指儒家学说所规定的"道德规范".礼法之士这种重视"德行"的人才思想在具体的人物品题实践中,主要表现为三个方面:一是重忠孝仁义礼信之美德;二是重清廉节操之美德;三是礼法派对放达违礼名士的批评与责难.

"Moral Integrity" in the Eyes of the School of Law and Rites in the Wei and Jin Dynasties

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, social disorder changed into relative order and the School of Law and Rites appeared on the stage of history in place of the School of Legalists. Wang Su was the founder of this school of thought and Fu Xuan perfected it. The authorities in selecting government officials began to shift their emphasis on 'abilities' to 'moral integrity, i.e. 'moral norms' advocated by the Confucians. In practice, the stress on the latter found expression in three aspects: the virtues of loyalty, filialness, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and faith; the virtues of incorruptness and self-restraint; the criticism and reproach of those non-official celebrities who were presumptuous and disobedient of the principles of Confucianism.