双视角与双重性——《我弥留之际》中达尔的视角与心理的关系

人物视角与人物心理之间的关系一直受到诸多叙事学家的重视。在福克纳的《我弥留之际》中,达尔双视角的使用与达尔人物的心理特点相关。自我内在的空虚和挫折感使达尔的人格分裂成两个对立的自我:受害者和迫害者。前者在现实中被家人遗弃和否定,在故事内机械地用第一人称内视角记录眼前发生或自己正在经历的种种事件;而后者的眼光却以第三人称外视角在将他人客体化的过程中完成自己对他者的替代,以满足对其自我完整性的期望。双重自我引发了时空中双视角的存在,使达尔的视角同时性地指涉聚焦人物在场与不在场的事件。视角的分裂最终证实了达尔的疯狂。

Dual Point of View and Duality: On the Relationship Between Darl''''s Point of View and His Psyche in Faulkner''''s As I Lay Dying

The relationship between point of view and psychology of a fictional character has always been emphasized by many narratologists. In William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying,the use of Darl's point of view is related to his psychological state.The inner hollowness and self-loathing frustration impose Darl an alter ego or a duality,namely,the victimized and the victimizer.The former is deserted and denied in reality by his family,and becomes a mechanical record of the present event or of his own experience with the first person internal point of view;while the latter objectifies and substitutes the others with the third person external point of view in a fantasized wish-fulfillment of self-completeness.Darl's split ego generates dual point of view both in space and in time,and it signifies simultaneously to the event in which the focal character is present and absent.The split of Darl's point of view in the end proves his insanity.