张之洞与湖北工业化的起始：汉阳铁厂“由粤移鄂”透视

光绪十五年(公元1889年)冬，张之洞调任鄂督，其原在粤所订炼铁机炉也随之移鄂兴办。铁厂移鄂，标志着湖北工业化的起始。但此举并非张氏之初衷，亦非出于继任粤督李瀚章之不喜洋务，遇事推诿。实际上，这是清廷中枢为了抑制李鸿章集团势力过于膨胀，有意“扬张抑李”，扶植张之洞，并考虑到湖北省自然资源、位置、交通有利条件，而作出的重要决策。湖北钢铁工业之建立，乃是晚清特定的政治局势与湖北省资源、位置等人文自然因素综合作用的结果。

ZHANG Zhi-dong and Threshold of Industrialization in Hubei:Analyses on Transfer of Hanyang Steel Factory from Guangdong to Hubei

When ZHANG Zhi-dong transferred to Hubei in the winter of 1889,the equipment of the steel works ordered in Guangzhou was transferred together with the viceroy, which means the threshold to industrialization of the province. However, this decision was not made by ZHANG Zhi-dong himself or his succession, LI Han-zhang, who disliked foreigh-affairs. Actually, it was the center government of the later period of Qing Dynasty, in order to restrain the force of LI Hong-zhang group and raise ZHANG Zhi-dong, considering the advantage of nature reso urse, position, and traffic,etc. in Hubei that made the decision. Both the human factors and the nature factors had showed their influence in the course.