中国企业技术创新的分布和竞争策略——中国激光视盘播放机产业的案例研究

本文系统化地考察了中国激光视盘机产业的技术创新。本文的学术贡献是:第一,提出了针对中国企业能力现状的创新分类方法,创新可以分为系统创新、核心创新和外围创新;第二,识别并描述了中国企业创新分布的特点,指出了中国企业创新的优势主要体现在活跃的外围创新;第三,基于产品结构演化分析,尝试性地探讨了中国企业的竞争绩效,并引出了相关的竞争策略启示。产品结构模块化是释放中国企业低劳动力成本优势的重要前提条件之一。在竞争策略上,本土企业成功地利用了价值链的可分性、独立技术供应商的出现和增长迅速且需求结构多层次的市场机会,有效地发挥了低劳动力成本和当地市场知识掌握的优势,在外围创新领域和制造产品的装配环节,取得了较好的竞争绩效。

The Distribution of Technical Innovation and Competitive Strategies in China's Firms

We have systematically probed into the technical innovation (TI) in China's industry of laser optic disk machines. The academic contributions made in this article are as follows: (1)we have put forward that, in accordance with the status quo of the ability of China's enterprises, China's TI may be classified into systematic TI, Kernel TI and peripheral TI;(2)we have identified and described the characteristics of the TI distribution in China, pointing out that the advantage in China's enterprises' TI are mainly embodied in vigorous peripheral TI; (3)based on the analysis of the evolution of product structure, we have attempted to explore the competitive performance of China's enterprises, providing enlightenment related to competitive tactics.Module-ization of product structure is one of the important prerequisites in giving free rein to the advantage of low labor cost in China's enterprises. In terms of competitive tactics, China's enterprises have successfully used the divisibleness of value chains, the appearance of independence technical suppliers and opportunities of market that is developing rapidly and with multi-tiers of demands, and brought into full play the advantage of low labor cost and acquirement of knowledge on the local market, achieving good results in competition in peripheral TI and assembling products.