科技伦理批判--一个反拨

关于近年来的科技伦理之争,学界的观点大体可以分为三类:(1)主张将科学与技术分界,是技术而非科学才应受到伦理的规范。这种观点把实践理解为改造世界的物质活动,从而将科学性质的认识活动排除于实践的有机图景之外,它无视科学与技术的有机联系,必然导致"客观自然主义"或"自然功利主义";(2)认为科学和技术都应该关注伦理问题。这种观点混淆了科技工作者个体主体与社会主体甚至类主体之间的区别,把只能由社会主体甚至类主体所承担的社会伦理责任强加在科技工作者个体主体身上,实质是变相的"科技决定论"或"科技万能论";(3)科学技术都不应关注伦理问题。这种观点把科学和技术当作与实践无关的纯粹的认识活动,忽视了"主体际性"或"交往"对于科技主体的引导和制约作用,实质是割裂了"人—自然"(科学技术)与"人—社会"(主体际关系)的关系。

A Query on the Study of Sci- tech Ethics

Three thoughts may be seen about sci-tech ethics. The first view is that technology, rather than the science, must pay attention to ethic, the second that both science and technology must concern about social ethic, contrary to the second is the third view. The first view, regarding the practice as pure transforming irrelevant to cognizing, must leads to naturalism or utilitarianism. The second view imposes on the scientists and engineers the social ethical duty which only the society or mankind can and must take on. The last view sees the study of science and technology as pure cognition irrelevant to practice, ignoring the restriction of intersubjectivity and communication to the individual subjects of science and technology, and breaking away the combination of "person-nature" and "person-society".