略论明清小说中的人物类型化问题

明清小说取得了巨大的成就，但同时又不可否认存在着类型化的倾向。传奇英雄人物在肖像、言谈、行为等方面都有着极其相似的地方。另如才子佳人、妒妇、三姑六婆等形象也都有类型化的倾向。作者认为有两方面的原因造成了这种倾向：依傍于前人的编著和受戏曲程式化的影响。中国古代小说的独特发展道路，决定了其类型化的倾向。但我们又不能依据西方有关典型化的理论，对其作简单的价值判断。

On the Categorization of the Characters in the Novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Great achievements were achieved in novel writing in t he Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, it demonstrates an undoubted tendency of ca tegorization, for the legendary heroes have a lot in common in such aspects as l ooks, speech and behavior. In addition, bel esprits and beauties, vicious women and various women from the lower classes are all categorized. This paper propos es that the trend of categorization is due to two facts:1) modeling after charac ters depicted in the previous novels; 2) influence of the formalization of plays . The unique way of development of ancient Chinese novels shapes its tendency of categorization. However, we should not make a simple value assessment according to typification.