被遗忘权:搜索引擎上过时个人信息的私法规制

作为一种新型个人信息权，被遗忘权的产生是为了调整搜索引擎上的过时个人信息。通过删除或隐匿搜索引擎上脱离情境的个人信息，信息主体的人格权益得以实现。欧盟法院在谷歌诉冈萨雷斯案中确立了被遗忘权，并强调了信息处理和传播行为的适度性和适时性。传统隐私权理论无从应对网络个人信息散播行为，也难以为规范搜索引擎上的过时个人信息提供充分法理支持。鉴于个人信息权与隐私权的差异性、过时个人信息的负面性、以及删除过时个人信息对于社会和解的积极意义，我国有必要在个人信息保护立法中引入被遗忘权。然而，被遗忘权与公众知情权等权利间的潜在冲突也值得注意。在决定是否删除过时个人信息时，比例原则可被用来进行利益衡量。

The Right to Be Forgotten: Regulating Irrelevant Personal Information in Search Engines by Private Law

As a new type of information protection right, the right to be forgotten enhances individuals''right to privacy, allowing individuals to apply for deleting the links or indexes concerning de-contextualized information. Through the case of Google v the AEPD and Mario Costeja González, the Court of Justice of the European Union recognised this right and stressed the appropriateness of the processing and spread of personal information. Traditional right to privacy cannot provide sufficient protection for data subjects. Given the differences between the right to information protection and the right to privacy, negative effects of irrelevant personal information, and positive influences of the right to be forgotten on social harmony, the right to be forgotten should be introduced into China. But it is worth noticing that there are possible conflicts between the right to be forgotten and the public''s right to know and other rights. The principle of proportionality can be used to decide whether to delete irrelevant personal information or not.