儒生与西汉中后期社会批判思潮

从武帝未年开始，国家出现了政治危机，随着对武帝政策全面检讨的开始，在官的儒及时而大胆地对现实政治中出现的种种问题进行有力的批评，形成了一股持续上百年的有力的社会批判思潮。批判的主要内容是武帝政策的失误，元帝时宦官专权，成帝，哀帝时的外威把持朝政，君主的沉湎女色，以及吏治的严酷残暴。这批批判具有鲜明的时代特点。但学术界对此至今未有充分的认识。

Confucian Scholars and the Trend of Social Criticism during the Middle and Late West Han Dynasty

As Emperor Wu's rein was approaching to an end, the political crisis surfaced in the country. The revealing of the comprehensive critical review towards Emperor Wu' s policies pushed the Confucian scholars in power to be more concerned with the changing of political situations and launch forceful critical attacks towards various social problems of that age. And this eventually served as an effective catalysis in forming an influential 100-year lasting ideological thought of criticism. The main targets of the criticism were Emperor Wu' s wrong policy decisions, the eunuch' s autocracy of Emperor Yuan' s time, the outsiders' controlling of the imperial power in Emperor Cheng and Emperor Ai's time, Ministers' intoxication with women's charms, and the ferocity of the Official Ruling System. These critical movements presented some distinct characteristics of the era and played important political roles.