《商君书》语词杂考

《商君书》中有些词语具有特定含义,如“姦民”、“善民”、“良民”;有些词存在与否尚有争议,如“軍爵”、“公爵”;有些词语的训释存在歧异,如“越人”。本文对此分别进行了考释,认为“姦民”是指能与他人划清界限,不包庇罪犯的百姓;“善民”、“良民”是指无原则地“(?)其(?)”,不顾法令而相互包庇的百姓。《商君书》本无“軍爵”、“公爵”之分,“軍爵”、“公爵”之说当系误断。“越人”本指远人,非由越国人引申而来。

Reinterpreting Some Terms Used in the Book of Lord Shang

There are certain terms in the Book of Lord Shang that have special meanings, such as "evil people" , "good people" , and "fine people" , terms whose existence is in dispute, such as " militarynobility" and "administrative nobility" , and terms that can have different explanations, for example "yue people". Through detailed analysis, the following conclusions have been arrived at: "evil people"means the people that could separate themselves from criminals, and refrain from protecting them,whereas "good people" and "fine people" are those that endear their relatives and friends, and protectthem even if they break the law. In the Book of Lord Shang, there is no distinction between "militarynobility" and "administrative nobility" , the theory about the distinction was a mistake of the interpret-ers; and that "Yue people" originally referred to "Yuan people" , or people from afar, and was not generalized from the people in the Yue country.