马克思晚年关于俄国社会发展前景思想新论

俄国社会发展的世界性意义 ,农奴制改革以后俄国社会革命形势的急剧高涨 ,是马克思晚年关注俄国的重要原因 ,而当时俄国国内围绕着俄国社会发展前景问题所展开的激烈争论则是其直接原因。马克思关于俄国可能“不通过资本主义制度的卡夫丁峡谷”的著名设想 ,讨论的是俄国走一条不同于西欧的非资本主义发展道路的可能性问题。事实上 ,在俄国社会发展前景问题上 ,马克思始终没有得出明确的和最终的结论。当代社会主义革命的历史进程完全超出了马克思当年的设想和思考 ,马克思的晚年思想并不能为后来东方落后国家先于西方发达资本主义国家进入社会主义提供理论依据。但是 ,它仍然为现实社会主义国家的革命和建设事业提供着重要的方法论意义。

A Reconsideration of Old Marx's Thought on the Development Of Russian Society

The worldwide significance of the development of Russian society and the rapid upsurge of social revolution in Russia are the important reasons that why old Marx paidclose attention to Russia while the intense argument within Russia at that time on the developmental prospects of Russia society is its direct reason. Marx's famous assumption that Russia probably "will not pass the Furcae Caudiane of capitalism" discusses the possibility for Russia to explore a non-capitalist developmental road different from that of Western Europe. In fact, as for the developmental prospects of Russia society, Marx does not come to a definite and final conclusion from beginning to end. The historical process of socialist revolution of our time completely goes beyond Marx's assumption and thought at that time. Old Marx's thought can't provide theoretical basis for the entry of the less developed countries in the East into socialism earlier than the western developed countries do afterwards. Nevertheless, it has a methodological significance for the revolution and construction in the actual socialist countries.