黑城出土元代签补站户文书F116：W543考释

元代蒙古政权一贯把立站作为维护统治必不可少的手段，站户即政府签发来承担站役的人户，是站赤的核心力量，另立户籍。因站役繁重、给驿泛滥、自然灾害等因素以致站户生活疾苦，无力应役，大量逃亡或消乏，政府须及时签补站户，保证站赤功能的正常发挥。黑城出土了大量站赤文书，其中《签补站户文卷》中F116：W543记载元末站户消乏逃亡现象，朝廷命令各地站官及时签补站户，严格依照事产、物力、牲畜等财产标准来签补。上户、中户、下户一概签充，打破了等级限制，并招诱逃亡或迁移站户复业，以补充人数。他们一经签发，就成了站户主体，便长年累月、世世代代被束缚在驿站系统中，为站赤服务。

On signing and issuing supplements station household documents of F116:W543 excavated from Khara-Khoto

The Mongolian political power of Yuan took the establishing of the post station as an indispensable method for the maintenance of their regime.The station was the household that government distributed.The household undertook the station service,which was the main force of the post station that need to rebuild the household registration.However,the supplying household expanded without restriction,the arduous battles in the post station,the natural disasters and other factors led to the miserable life of the ...