西方学习理论发展的一般特点及其趋势

西方学习理论的发展表现出以下一般特点或规律：由是什么到怎么样再到学什么和怎样学的统一：由个体到社会互动；由一般心理过程到社会符号再到社会符号的意义；由动物到人，学习者的作用愈来愈突出；由静态到动态；由实验室研究到生态研究等。依据这些特点或规律，可以看出未来学习理论将会把学习者看作人、参与者与合作者，把学习看作生活，注重学习者的存在，突出其自主性与差异性，强调和谐，重视活动以及错误与挫折或失败的作用。

General Features of Western Learning Theory's Evolution and its Future Tendency

There exists some general features or laws in Western learning theory's evolution,such as from 'what is' to 'how is' to the integration,from individual to social interaction,from general mental process to social symbol and its meaning,from animal to human being,'students' role being increasingly given prominence,from static to dynamic,from experimentation to ecological study,etc.According to them,it will be showed in the future learning theory that learner will be looked as human and participant or cooperator,that learner's autonomy and difference and harmoniousness will be stressed,and that the roles of action and mistake and frustration or failure will be given prominence.