Religious nationalism and the making of the modern Japanese state |
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Authors: | Fumiko Fukase-Indergaard Michael Indergaard |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;(2) Department of Sociology, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA |
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Abstract: | This article explores the role of religious nationalism in the making of the modern Japanese state. We describe a process of adaptation featuring bricolage, as an alternative to imitation accounts of non-Western state formation that privilege Western culture. The Meiji state, finding it could not impose Shintô as a state religion, selectively drew from religio-nationalist currents and Western models for over two decades before institutionalizing State Shintô. Although we see some similarities to Europe, distinctive features of the Japanese case suggest a different path to modernity: a lack of separation between state and religion, an emphasis on ritual and a late (and historically condensed) development of popular religious nationalism, which was anchored by State Shintô disciplinary devices including school rituals and shrines deifying the war dead. |
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