试析朱元璋二重性佛教政策的原因

明太祖朱元璋在1368年于应天即帝位,面对元末以来的乱局,朱元璋采取“以儒为主,佛道为辅”的政策维系统治。朱元璋之所以没有像三武一宗那样排斥佛教,而是采取既提倡保护又整顿利用的二重性佛教政策,一方面是基于佛教的衍生性政治价值,其中又掺杂了他个人特殊的佛教情感,从而利用佛教维护其统治;另一方面佛教本身二重性的负面趋向不利于其维护统治,从而他对佛教施以整顿。

On the Cause Behind the Dual Nature of Zhu Yuanzhang’s Buddhism Policy

Zhu Yuanzhang,the Taizu of Ming,was enthroned in Yingtian in 1368.Facing the chaos that had been sustaining since the later period of Yuan Dynasty,Zhu adopted the policy of“promoting Confucianism with Buddhism and Taoism as supportive roles”to maintain his rule.The dual nature of Zhu Yuanzhang’s Buddhism policy featured promotion,protection,reorganization and utilization of Buddhism.Actually,Zhu didn’t follow the practices of certain emperors of the previous dynasties to exclude Buddhism,but adopted a policy to reorganize and utilize Buddhism.On one hand,Zhu’s policy was based on Buddhism’s derivative political value in the society,involving Zhu’s special emotional attachment to Buddhism,which enabled him to use Buddhism to maintain his rule.On the other hand,the negativity found in the dual nature of Buddhism was detrimental to maintaining rule,which meant that he had to reorganize Buddhism.