绝对离散与相对集中的模式——以民国时期青田县华侨在欧洲的石雕贸易活动为中心

青田华侨在民国时期的经济活动和侨居地点有着非常独特的离散性质。不同于闽粤地区华侨以宗族作为强大纽带的集中性侨居和颇具规模的贸易体系，他们扎根于本土的青田石，携青田石雕的工艺品出洋，出国后继续从事石雕的贩卖，或转而销售其他小商品。这种贸易活动非常零散，但是绝对离散中也存在相对的集中，在“七七事变”后青田华侨主要集中于欧洲各国。本文以青田华侨在民国时期贸易活动的特点为中心，主要研究石雕等商品的简单贸易模式，以及在贸易过程中由出洋衍生的一系列偷渡行为和官方对偷渡的整治约束。

The Models of Absolute Dispersion and Relative Concentration: Based on the Stone Carving Trade Activities of Overseas Chinese in Europe in Qingtian County During the Republic of China

The economic activities and residence sites of overseas Chinese in Qingtian have their unique discrete nature. They are different from the Chinese immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong, who take the clan as a strong link to migrate. On the contrary, the overseas Chinese in Qingtian have their roots in the specialty: Qingtian stone. They carry the handicrafts of Qingtian carving stone abroad. After going abroad, they continue to engage in the carving stone trade or turn to sell other tiny commodities. The trade of the overseas Chinese in Qingtian was rather scattered. However, there was also a certain relative concentration in this absolute separation, that is, the overseas Chinese in Qingtian mostly have resided in the Europe after the July 7th incident. This paper focuses on the characteristics of its trade activities, studying its trade patterns, smuggling behaviors and official norms and constraints.