瓦伊达的法西斯主义批判理论——马克思主义阶级分析理论的一次创新运用

匈牙利的布达佩斯学派，希望通过在理论领域呈现出不同于苏联官方的解读，突破苏联政治模式的控制。瓦伊达将法西斯主义批判与布达佩斯学派的理论相结合，考察多个资本主义国家的历史，灵活运用马克思主义阶级分析理论，发现在欧洲资本主义发展进程中，法西斯主义不能被视为资产阶级中的统治阶级发起的运动。通过剖析法西斯主义运动中的小资产阶级和作为小资产阶级群众运动的法西斯主义，瓦伊达形成了对法西斯主义产生和发展的创造性诠释，为东欧社会主义国家马克思主义的发展作出了理论贡献，也为应对当代欧洲极右翼政治势力的兴起提供了可借鉴的思路。

The Petty Bourgeoisie Mass Movement and Fascism: an Application of Marxist Theory of Class Analysis

The Budapest School of Hungary hopes to break through the control of the Soviet political model by presenting a different interpretation in the field of theory and thought from the official Soviet Union. Mihaly Vajda combined his fascist criticism with the theoretical purport of Budapest School. On the basis of investigating the historical particularity of many capitalist countries, he flexibly applied Marxist class analysis theory and pointed out that in the course of the development of European capitalism, fascism could not be regarded as a movement initiated by the ruling class in the bourgeoisie. It is rooted in the tendency of the petty bourgeoisie to deal with the dilemma of capitalist exploitation and proletarian revolution. Through the analysis of the petty bourgeoisie in the fascist movement and the fascism as the mass movement of the petty bourgeoisie, Vajda formed a creative interpretation of the emergence and development of fascism, which made a theoretical contribution to the development of Marxism in the socialist countries of Eastern Europe, and provided useful ideas for dealing with the contemporary far-right political forces in Europe.