柏拉图与《国家篇》中的政治观

柏拉图是西方文明的先哲和巨人。他的巨著《国家篇》是西方政治哲学的开山之作,是西方政治思想史的源头。《国家篇》从治国方略的视角分析了城邦国家的起源和德治原则,并比较了不同的政治体制。书中强调实现国家正义与个人灵魂的正义,统治集团实行财产＂公有制＂以及男女平等,由国家举办教育等。《国家篇》中的政治观对西方后世政治思想家包括欧洲启蒙学者和空想社会主义先驱者都有启迪和影响,是人类文明的瑰宝。

Plato and the Political View from Republic

Plato is a pioneer philosopher and a giant of Western civilization.His masterpiece,Republic,is a pioneer work of Western political philosophy and the source of Western political history.He stressed the idealism and studied the strategy of ruling a country.Based on the good environment of classical civilization of Greece,Republic was written with ten chapters and in a free dialogue style.From the perspective of governmental strategy,Plato analyzed the originality of the city-state countries and the principles of rule by virtue.He also compared the different political systems.He stressed the significance of realizing national justice and the justice of individual souls,and emphasized the importance of ＂public ownership＂ of property for the governmental groups,the equality between man and woman,and public education by the country.The political views in Republic have enlightened and deeply impressed the Western political ideologists of the later generations including European enlightenment scholars and the Utopian socialist pioneers.Republic is a treasure of human civilization.