中国农村教育的收益率与外溢性分析

教育不仅影响农民的个人收入,还对农民所在群体的收入产生影响。利用中国十省百村的一手调研数据,可以从教育收益率和教育外溢性两个维度探讨农村教育与农民收入之间的关系。实证分析发现:(1)教育对提高农民非农收入的作用大于对农业收入的作用。保持其他因素不变,农民受教育时间每增加1年,农业收入将提高4.28% ,非农收入将提高5.61%。(2)无论是农业收入还是非农收入,男性的教育回报率均要高于女性。男性受教育时间每增加1年,农业收入将增加4.85% ,非农收入将增加7.18% ;受教育时间对女性收入的影响并不显著。(3)农村地区教育存在显著的外溢效应。同村邻居平均受教育时间每增加1年,农民收入将增加6.21% ;同行业的农民平均受教育时间增加1年,农民收入将增加8.13%。

The Return Rate and Spillover Effect of Education in Rural China

In China rural areas ,education can effectively improve farmers'o verall personal qualities and help them promote their productivity and income level as well .Besides ,education has strong spillover effect because the education that a farmer gets has a positive impact on other people around him/her . Despite a wide range of existing researches ,fewempirical analyses in recent years have been made of the rateof return toeducationfrom the perspectives of industry or gender withfirst-hand data .Incalculating educational spillover effect ,there are two difficulties ,one of which is that it is hard to set up an analytical framework of spillover effect of education in rural areas ,and the other oneis that it is hard to collect data related to the spillover effect of rural education .Based on the latest data from100 villages of 10 provinces across China ,this paper attempts to evaluate the educational returns of agriculture and non-agricultural industry and of male and female residents by applying the Mincer Earnings Function .In addition ,it tries to define and analyze the spillover effects from the perspectives of the same village and the same industryviaLucas Model of HumanCapital Spillover .The results show that education has great effect not only on farmers'income ,but also on the income of other groups related to farmers . (1) Education has greater impact on their non-agricultural income than agricultural income . Ceteris paribus ,a farmer will increase his non-agricultural income by5 .61% compared to4 .28% increment in his agricultural income if he receives one more year of education .(2) Men will gain higher rateof return to education than that of womenin rural areas ,whether it be agricultural or non-agricultural income .To a man ,each one-year further education received will increase his agricultural income and non-agricultural income by about4 .85% and7 .18% respectively .As far as awomanis concerned ,theeffect of education on her income is not significant . (3) There are significant spillover effects of education in rural areas . That one year of education added to all the farmers in the village will increase the average farmer's income by6 .21% .When added to all the farmers in this profession ,the average farmer's income will increase by8 .13% .The research highlights of this paper are the analysis of the return rate of education from the micro perspective by using first-hand data from July ,2010 to July ,2011 of rural household surveys in one hundred villages in ten provinces across China ,i .e . Heilongjiang ,Shandong ,Anhui ,Shanxi ,Sichuan ,Inner Mongolia ,Hainan ,Jiangxi ,Zhejiang and Guizhou . This paper also tries to obtain external evidence of education from different perspectives ,i .e . from the redefinition of rural groups and from the analysis of the effect of education levels of rural groups on their income ,in order to minimize wrong conclusions caused by inaccurate definitions of rural groups .