春秋战国时期的商业发展及评价

春秋战国时期 ,由于铁制工具的使用和井田制的崩溃 ,促进了农业的发展 ,进而促动了商业的发展与繁荣 ,经商之潮风靡各国。究其因 ,与当时的社会变革、封建国家惠商政策的实行和统治阶级的鼓励、经商之道的指导有关。笔者认为春秋战国时期的商业都会多为财政收支中心 ,其消费功能明显强于生产功能。商品经济与封建自然经济相适应 ,是农本经济的补充。亦官亦商、手握大量资财的大商人受到统治者和民众的尊崇 ,而中小商人则是当时统治阶级限制的对象

Estimating the Development of the Commerce in the Spring and Autumn Period

In the Spring and Autumn period, owing to the application of iron tool and the collapse of the well form farmland system, the development of agriculture was promoted; further, the development and prosperity of commerce were also promoted; then the custom of engagement in trade was in the rage in various states. The reason why it was so, it was concerned in such conditions as the change of the society then, the practice of giving special treatment and ways to commerce policy by the feudalist states, etc. From the view of dialectical materialism, the commerce all took the finance balance as center and its consuming function was apparently bigger than that of production. It was the complement of agricultural economy that the commodity economy was corresponding with feudalist natural economy The bigwigs who were at once government officers and merchants and held great amount of capital were respected by the rulers and masses, but the private merchants were the objects that were limited by ruling class.