厕所的空间转换与治理

中国农村和城市普遍经历过一个从"野厕""公厕"到"家厕"或卫生间的空间转换过程,厕所成为城乡社会治理非常具有显示度的一件事。通过对云南西部和南部傣族村寨厕所问题的考察,探讨人们如何将无遮蔽的野厕空间,变成可遮蔽的家庭共用卫生间;而家庭卫生间这样的私密空间,又是怎样部分地转化成了村落共享的"公厕"。接着,通过几个城市公厕问题的案例分析,探讨在社会治理与粪便控制问题上,厕所这样的私密空间,是如何"公共化"为社会治理指标,甚至成为社会控制空间的。最后,通过城市厕所问题调研和改造的案例,关注作为社区公共空间之一的公厕,其间发生的交流和建立的人际关系,如何成为它的核心。

Space Conversion and Space Governance of Toilets

Toilets of rural and urban areas in China have generally experienced a space conversion process from "wild toilets" and "public toilets" to "home toilets" or bathrooms. Toilets have become something of high visibility in urban and rural social governance. Based on fieldwork about toilets in the Dai villages in western and southern Yunnan, this paper explores how people turn unshielded wild toilet space into sheltered toilets for families;and how private space such as home toilets are partially transformed into sharing toilets in villages. Then, through the case analysis of public toilets in several cities, the paper discusses how private space such as toilets can be "publicized" as social governance indicators and even become socially controlled space in terms of social governance and fecal control. Finally, through the case of urban toilet investigation and reconstruction, the paper focuses on how the exchanges and interpersonal relationships taking place in public toilets, one of the public space in the community, become the core of the latter.