当代著名学者乔治·马库斯“合作人类学”元方法论述

马库斯的多点民族志(合作人类学)是回应宏大政治经济进程的方法而出现。然而它景况不佳,一直到1995年才正式确立了多点民族志以合作为核心的方法论。此后马库斯致力于多点民族志的方法论的成熟表述。追踪这一方法论的变化轨迹至少发现有两条道路伴随着多点民族志的发展:其一是多点民族志从方法论向元方法的演进;其二是多点民族志的定位变化,经历了审美贬低、审美否定再到审美回归的变化。多点民族志二十多年的发展可以看作是写文化三十年来美国人类学的学科转向与理论动向,这三十多年贯穿始终的是写文化的创始者们孜孜不倦地否定自我、面向当下的实验精神。

The Meta-method of"Collaborative Anthropology"by George E.Marcus,a Famous Contemporary Scholar

While the legitimacy of global conception worked not very effectively till George Marcus put up with a new theoretical version of multi-sited ethnography(collaborative anthropology) marked with collaboration in 1995, after which he pursued the maturity of its methodology through several ways of representation and trial. There are at least two development trails of multi-sited ethnography. One is the involution of methodology toward meta-method as the replacement of Malinowski complex focusing on encounter. The other is the changing positioning of research field in either scientific or artificial collaboration, whose subject of aesthetic shifted from being downplayed to being denied/dispelled and being accepted by multi-sited ethnography paralleling with the status of technology declining in the paraethnography. Since Writing Culture erupted the classic tradition of anthropology in the 1980 s and blown over in the 1990 s with the rising of interdisciplinary movement, Marcus stick to his thoughts of method and pedagogy reforming for a new paradigm to shake authority of Malinowski tradition embedded in apprentice. He treated multi-sited ethnography as trial and experiment to the spirit of Writing Culture.