语言扶贫与普通话技能的减贫效应

语言扶贫是通过提升贫困人口的语言能力来增强其脱贫能力的过程,对解决中国精准扶贫最后一公里难题具有重要的价值。然而,现实中的贫困户,虽然对普通话的需求比较明显,但其拥有的普通话技能却严重不足,这不仅对他们的收入尤其是打工收入有重要影响,还对其脱贫具有显著的作用。因为数据显示,在控制其他变量的情况下,会普通话家庭的年收入比不会普通话家庭显著地增加了60%以上,脱贫率稳健地增加了20%左右。究其原因,普通话技能可以增加贫困户的收入,增强贫困户人力资本与社会资本积累,提高贫困户的信息获取能力、资源利用能力和政策理解能力,能够转变贫困户的思维与认知,后者是他们可持续脱贫的关键。为此,应采取多种举措来提高贫困户的普通话水平。

Poverty Alleviation through Language Teaching and Poverty-Reducing Effect of Mandarin Skills

Poverty alleviation through language teaching is the process of enhancing the ability of the poor to get out of poverty by improving their language ability, which is of great value to solve the last-mile problem in targeted poverty alleviation in China. However, in spite of relatively obvious demand for it, the poor households in reality have seriously insufficient mandarin skills, which not only severely affects their income, especially their earnings, but also has a significant impact on the removal of the "hat of poverty". As data shows, with other variables being the same, the average annual income of the families capable of speaking mandarin is 60% more than that of the non-mandarin-speaking families with about 20% higher rate of "hat removal". The reason is that the mandarin skill increases the income of the poor households, enhances the accumulation of their human and social capital, improves their abilities to acquire information, utilize resources and understand policies, and therefore transforms their thinking and cognition, which is the key to their sustainable removal of the "hat of poverty". To that end, a number of initiatives should be taken to improve the mandarin level in poor households.