社会工作介入农村精准扶贫的服务模式分析 ——基于河北Y县N乡的调研

精准扶贫是新时期党和国家扶贫精髓和亮点，但其在实施中面临多方面局限，贫困群体的脱贫动力和需求与国家提供的 帮扶在一定程度上存在不对称性，而社会工作的特性与精准扶贫在价值、专业和机制方面相契合，在很大程度上弥补其局限 性。社会工作介入农村精准扶贫是该进程中的应有举措，在顶层宏观设计层面的思考已有诸多研究，而具体微观层面的介入 服务模式还留有空白。基于河北Y县N乡的调研发现，根据问题提出社会工作介入精准扶贫的四种服务模式，分别是驻点服 务、定期服务、政府吸纳和非直接服务。但在四种模式的实施过程中，仍面临资金来源不足、社会工作人才来源与留住困难、基 层政府与民众对社会工作的了解欠全面的问题，提出强化政策体系和制度建设、健全有效的资金支持与管理体系、引进留住社 会工作人才、加大对社会工作的宣传力度的建议。

Analysis of the Service Model of Social Work Involved in Rural Targeted Poverty Alleviation: Based on Survey of N township inYCounty of Hebei Province

Targeted poverty reduction is the essence and highlight of the party and the country''s poverty alleviation work in the new era. However, it faces limitations in the implementation. the poverty-stricken power and demand of the poor groups and the assistance provided by the state are asymmetrical to some extent. The characteristics of social work is compatible with targeted poverty alleviation in value, profession and mechanism, thus could mostly compensate for governments'' limitations. Social work should get involved in rural poverty alleviation campaign, and there have been many studies on such a strategy from higher macro levels, but there have been less studies on the involvement service model from specific and micro levels. Based on our survey of N Township in Y County of Hebei Province, we propose four service modes of social work in targeted poverty alleviation, i.e., on-the-spot service, regular service, government taking-over service and indirect service. Nevertheless, when implementing these four modes of service, there still exist problems of insufficient funding sources, difficult recruitment and retention of social workers, and lack of understanding of social work by grassroots cadres and the public. We make the following proposals: to strengthen the policy and regulation systems, to effectively improve the financial support and management system, to recruit and retain more social work talents, and to vigorously publicize the social work.