族群、民族与“Minzu”辫析——兼评《田野中的族群关系与民族认同：中国西南彝族社区考察研究》

族群与民族两个词汇在人类学民族学研究中是一组关系比较微妙的人群指代术语，都是指代一群具有某种特征，且能够进行自我认同与对外区分的群体。但二者之间在严格的学术研究中具有很大的概念体系和意义实体的区别，为我们的研究提供了不同的研究视角和渠道，却又经常被混淆而产生系列问题。自20世纪80年代以来，学术界就族群与民族两个概念的演化、指代的人群、二者间的关系及使用等方面进行了辨析，并且逐渐演变出“Minzu”这一中英直译的学术话语，在这些讨论中均强调了概念性问题研究的重要性。而最先进行“族群”与“民族”概念辨析的学者之一便是美国人类学者斯蒂文·郝瑞教授，在他的著作《田野中的族群关系与民族认同——中国西南彝族社区考察研究》中结合自己的田野经历进行了深入细致的探讨。

On Ethnic Group, Nationality and "Minzu" And a Commentary onEthnic Relations and National Identity in the Fields:A Survey of Ethnic Yi Communities in Southwest China

In anthropological ethnology research, ethnic group and nationality are two terms with delicate distinctionsto refer to a group of people; both refer to a group of people with certain characteristics and capable ofself-identification and external differentiation. However, there is a big distinction between them in the strictacademic research, which could provide us with different research perspectives and channels, and are often confusedto incur a series of problems. Since the 1980s, academic circles have differentiated and analyzed the evolution of theconcepts of ethnic group and nationality, the people they refer to, the relationship between them and their use, andgradually developed ''Minzu'', a Chinese-English transliteration of academic term. In these discussions, theimportance of conceptual research has been emphasized. One of the first scholars to distinguish the concepts of''ethnic group'' and ''nation'' is Professor Stevan Harrell, an American anthropologist. In his book Ethnic Relationshipsand National Identity in the Field: Investigation and Study of Yizu community in Southwest China, he madein-depth and detailed discussions based on his own field experiences.