《南山集》案与方苞人生及心态的变化

康熙五十年发生的震惊朝野的戴名世《南山集》文字狱案,方氏家族遭受沉重打击。方苞因给《南山集》作序得罪,后经宽大处理,因祸得福,官运通达,由昔日家境贫困,又屡困场屋的落拓文士一跃而贵为天子侍从、本朝达官,身份和地位发生了巨大变化。但这种特殊的恩遇并未给他带来心绪的片刻宁静,反而使他陷入了心态失衡的矛盾和痛苦之中:一方面,他极力颂扬康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝君主善待自己并宽赦方氏族众的皇恩,另一方面,他没有完全挣脱《南山集》案的阴影,心绪凝重,心态极其复杂,如对作《南山集序》的追悔,对亡友戴名世的追念与痛悼,以及对方氏宗祸与自己家祸的无比痛心等。

The Literary Inquisition Case of Nanshan Collection and the Changes of Fang Bao's Life and Mind

The Case of Nanshan Collection occurred in the 50th year under the reign of the Kangxi Emperor was the major literary inquisition case,which involved the Fang and Dai two literature families of Tongcheng and shocked the government and the public.The Fang family suffered a heavy blow from the Case.Fang Bao was found guilty of writing the preface for Nanshan Collection and then was reduced the punishment so that he turned out to be a blessing in disguise and paved the way for his official career.After the Case,Fangbao's identity and status had changed much from poor literati to the dignitary,howere,he was also overwhelmed with contradictory and painful state of his mind.This basically expressed the following two respects:first,he strongly praiseed the Qing emperors' kindness to be good to himself and to condone the Fang family;second,he was difficult to get rid of shadow,the state of his mind was more imposed him and impenetrably complex,such as regretting for wrting the preface for Nanshan Collection,remembering and grieving over his deceased friend DAI Ming-shi and grieving for the disaster of the Fang family as well as his family.