论道家和道教的公益慈善伦理思想简

道家从道是万物之宗的本体论出发，倡导“损有余而补不足”的慈善伦理观，强调“无为”而善，并把从事慈善活动看作是“体道”和“入道”的重要途径。道教认为天下财物乃“中和之有”，应当周穷救急，提出“承负说”，宣扬善恶报应观，把积善行德看作是修行修仙的重要途径．并提出了“致太平”的慈善伦理理想。道家和道教的慈善伦理思想虽有区别，但也存在着相通之处．并在历史上产生了深远影响，批判地继承和弘扬道家和道教的慈善伦理观有着重要的现实意义。

RESEARCH ON THE THOUGHTS OF THE PUBLIC CHARITY ETHICS OF TAOIST SCHOOL AND TAOISM

Taoist school protests Loss rather than filling the gaps and poetic justice based on respect and value morality, and calls for Gongfu of understanding Dao to decrease daily for the pursuit of Dao, regarding the charity activities as the important approach to understanding Dao and became a Taoist. The thoughts of the public charity ethics of Taoist school and Taoism mainly represents： the property in world belongs to everyone, so it should be used to support the poor and treated emergency; do well and have well, do evil and have evil; performing goodness is the important approach to practice Taoist rules and becoming immortality; the social idea of peace making. Because the thoughts of the public charity ethics of Taoist school and Taoism possesses very important realistic meaning, which critical inherits and carries forward the idea of performing goodness of Taoist school and Taoism, so it has deep influences in history.